There is neither male nor female Theological reflections on Galatians 3:28 as a faith-based response to gender-based persecution Section Articles

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Published May 30, 2026
https://doi.org/10.46362/chevra.v1i1.107
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Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): CHEVRA: Indonesian Journal of Economic, Science, and Humanities

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Widjaja Sugiri
University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States

Abstract

Gender-based persecution remains a pervasive issue globally, often rooted in cultural, social, and religious norms that reinforce inequality and discrimination. This article reflects theologically on Galatians 3:28, which declares, "There is neither male nor female," as a foundational text for responding to gender-based violence within religious communities. The study aims to explore the theological implications of this passage and how it can inform faith-based responses to combat gender persecution. Employing a qualitative research method, the study analyzes biblical texts, theological literature, and contemporary research on gender violence and religion. The findings reveal that Galatians 3:28 challenges traditional gender hierarchies and supports a vision of equality grounded in Christian faith, calling for active pastoral care, advocacy, and education within faith communities. This theological reflection contributes to the ongoing discourse on gender justice by providing a religious framework that empowers believers to resist and transform oppressive structures. Ultimately, the article underscores the role of inclusive theology and faith-driven action in promoting dignity, justice, and peace for all, regardless of gender.

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How to Cite
Sugiri, W. (2026). There is neither male nor female: Theological reflections on Galatians 3:28 as a faith-based response to gender-based persecution. CHEVRA: Indonesian Journal of Economic, Science, and Humanities, 1(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.46362/chevra.v1i1.107

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