Strengthening Resilience among Women from Christian Minority Groups in Indonesia Strengthening Development Approach Section Articles
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Background: Women from Christian minority groups in Indonesia face complex challenges, ranging from socio-religious discrimination, limited access to education and health, to gender-based violence and double burden in the household and community.
Purpose: This article aims to examine the forms of resilience they develop and offer a community-based strengthening approach as an empowerment strategy.
Method: The research uses qualitative methods with case studies, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory observation in minority Christian communities.
Result: Findings show that the support of churches, Christian women's organizations, and informal initiatives such as prayer groups and cooperatives are the foundation of social and spiritual resilience.
Contribution: This article contributes to contextual theology and inclusive development by emphasizing the role of community support, women's leadership, and interfaith cooperation in strengthening resilience and promoting justice.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Adi, R. N. (2013). Community empowerment: An introduction to models and strategies. Gadjah Mada University Press.
- Arat, Z. F. (2015). Human rights and gender justice. SUNY Press.
- Bielefeld, S. (2012). The role of human rights in addressing discrimination against Indigenous women. Australian Journal of Human Rights, 18(2), 11-30.
- Boeve, L., & Brabant, C. (2010). Between philosophy and theology: Contemporary interpretations of Christianity. Ashgate.
- Budianta, M. (2006). Gender and the rewriting of tradition: Indonesian literature in the era of reformasi. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 7(1), 79-94.
- Chandra, A., & Acosta, J. D. (2009). The role of nongovernmental organizations in long-term human recovery after disasters: Reflections from Hurricane Katrina and the tsunami in South Asia. RAND Corporation.
- Cornwall, A., & Rivas, A. M. (2015). From 'gender equality and women's empowerment' to global justice: Reclaiming a transformative agenda for gender and development. Third World Quarterly, 36(2), 396-415.
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Derks, A. (2008). Vietnamese women and the struggle for freedom. Brill.
- Dube, M. W. (2003). Theological challenges: Proclaiming the fullness of life for all. In M. W. Dube & M. A. Oduyoye (Eds.), AfricaPraying: A handbook on HIV/AIDS sensitive sermon guidelines and liturgy (pp. 55-67). WCC Publications.
- Ewart, J. (2017). Women and resilience in conflict-affected contexts: Practical considerations for programming. Oxfam.
- Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972-1977. Pantheon Books.
- Haryatmoko. (2016). Critical discourse analysis. Kanisius.
- Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for everybody: Passionate politics. South End Press.
- Ibrahim, R. (2021). Women, minorities, and social resilience: A case study of Christian communities in conflict areas. Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 24(1), 89-104.
- Johnson, E. A. (1993). She who is: The mystery of God in feminist theological discourse. Crossroad.
- Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment. Development and Change, 30(3), 435-464.
- Künkler, M., & Stepan, A. (2013). Democracy and Islam in Indonesia. Columbia University Press.
- Lestari, A. D. (2020). Christian women's resilience in the face of marginalization: A contextual theological perspective. Journal of Theology and Mission, 18(2), 121-137.
- Mahmood, S. (2005). Politics of piety: The Islamic revival and the feminist subject. Princeton University Press.
- Marti, G. (2020). American blindspot: Race, class, religion, and the Trump presidency. Rowman & Littlefield.
- McLeod, A. (2015). Women's leadership in Indonesia: Achievements and challenges. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 51(3), 397-418.
- Meyers, C. (2014). Rediscovering Eve: Ancient Israelite women in context. Oxford University Press.
- Nussbaum, M. C. (2000). Women and human development: The capabilities approach. Cambridge University Press.
- Oduyoye, M. A. (2001). Introducing African women's theology. Sheffield Academic Press.
- Parawansa, K. H. (2002). Empowering women: From oppression to equality. Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 67-83.
- Pruitt, L. J. (2013). The women in blue helmets: Gender, policing, and the UN's peacekeeping in Liberia. University of California Press.
- Putrawan, B. K. (2022). Contextual theology and minority identity: Reflections from Indonesia. Journal of Contextual Theology, 5(1), 45-62.
- Schirch, L. (2004). The little book of strategic peacebuilding. Good Books.
- Woodward, M. R. (2011). Java, Indonesia and Islam. Springer.