Empowering Creation in Freedom The Kenosis of the Holy Spirit Section Articles

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Bobby Kurnia Putrawan
Favour C. Uroko

Abstract

Contemporary conceptions of divine power are frequently framed in terms of sovereignty and unilateral control. This article proposes an alternative theological model by examining the kenosis of the Holy Spirit within the context of creation. The central objective is to explore how the Spirit’s self-emptying presence constitutes a mode of divine empowerment that operates not through coercion but by enabling the freedom of creation. Employing a reflective theological methodology, this study integrates biblical exegesis—particularly of Genesis 1:2 and Psalm 104:30—with systematic theological reflection and critical engagement with the works of key theologians such as Jürgen Moltmann, Hans Urs von Balthasar, John Zizioulas, and Karl Barth. The analysis demonstrates that the kenotic action of the Holy Spirit should not be construed as divine absence but rather as a purposeful self-limitation that nurtures a relational and participatory cosmos. Accordingly, this study contributes to pneumatological discourse by articulating a paradigm of divine power grounded in relationality, humility, and ethical responsibility, offering constructive implications for theology, anthropology, and ecology.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
Putrawan, B. K., & Uroko, F. C. (2025). Empowering Creation in Freedom: The Kenosis of the Holy Spirit. Indonesian Journal of Religious, 8(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.46362/ijr.v8i2.59

References

  1. Balthasar, H. U. (1990a). The glory of the Lord: A theological aesthetics (Vol. 3). Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
  2. Balthasar, H. U. (1990b). Theo-drama: Theological dramatic theory (Vol. 5). Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
  3. Barth, K. (1957). Church dogmatics, (Vol. 2). Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
  4. Behr, J. (2004). The Nicene faith: Volume 1. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press.
  5. Blokhin, N. (2024). Divine Kenotic Creativity—the Divine Agency behind Natural Processes. preprints. August 8. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0540.v1.
  6. Cassidy-Deketelaere, N. (2022). Towards a Phenomenology of Kenosis: Thinking after the Theological Turn. Open Theology, 8(1), 128-152. https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2022-0201.
  7. Evans, C. S. (2006). Exploring Kenotic Christology: The Self-emptying of God. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  8. Gavrilyuk, P. L. (2005). The Kenotic Theology of Sergius Bulgakov. Scottish Journal of Theology, 58(3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0036930605001390
  9. Howell, L.R. (2020). The Holy Spirit and Biblical Interpretation: Alexander Campbell and Contemporary Hermeneutics. Dissertations and Theses. 14. https://scholarworks.harding.edu/hst-etd/14.
  10. Jersak, B. (2023). Biblical & Christological Foundations for Voluntary Kenosis. The Kenarchy Journal, 5(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.62950/vvsu51.
  11. Johnson, S. (2009). `How is the Body of Christ a Meaningful Symbol for the Contemporary Christian Community?’. Feminist Theology, 17(2), 210-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0966735008098724.
  12. Langby, L. (2025). God’s Kenotic Love-Power – a Defense of Relational Theology and the Vulnerability in Love. SOPHIA: International Journal of Philosophy and Tradition 64, 361–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11841-024-01053-7.
  13. Langby, L. & Langby, M. (2024). The Holy Spirit and kenotic loving power. Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology, 78(2), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/0039338X.2024.2350706.
  14. Mdingi, H. (2020). Who, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God: Kenosis of leadership. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 76(2), a5844. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i2.5844.
  15. Moltmann, J. (1993). The Trinity and the Kingdom of God. San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins.
  16. Moltmann, J. (1997). The Source of Life: The Holy Spirit and the Theology of Life. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.
  17. Muis, J. (2016). Rethinking the creative power of God. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 72(4), a3842. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3842
  18. Nimmo, P. T. & Johnson, K. L. (ed.). (2022). Kenosis: The Self-Emptying of Christ in Scripture and Theology. Grands Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
  19. Nthakheni, R. C. & Mudau, N. (2025). Pneumatology in the digital age: Reimagining the Holy Spirit’s role in Trinitarian theology. African Journal of Pentecostal Studies, 2(1), a53. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajops.v2i1.53.
  20. Ottuh, J. A. (2020). The concept of Κένωσις in Philippians 2:6–7 and its contextual application in Africa. Verbum et Ecclesia, 41(1), a2081. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v41i1.2081.
  21. Phan, P. C. (2022). The Holy Spirit as the Power of Diversity: A Pneumatology of Religious Pluralism. Asia Pacific Mission Studies, 4(1), a3. https://doi.org/10.13185/2704-3339.1031.
  22. Phang, S. & Putrawan, B. K. (2020). Roh Kudus Dan Karya-Nya Bagi Gereja. 1st ed. Jakarta: Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia.
  23. Ryliškytė, L. (2024). Kenotic Solidarity in Discernment. Religions, 15(12), 1453. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121453.
  24. Simmons, E. (2021). The entangled pandemic: Deep incarnation in creation. Dialog, 60(4), 351-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12699.
  25. Wenk, M. (2022). An Incarnational Pneumatology Based on Romans 8.18-30: The Spirit as God’s Solidarity with a Suffering Creation. Religions, 13(3), 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13030191.
  26. Williams, D.T. (2016). “Bond of love”: The action of the spirit. Acta Theologica, 34(2), 186-202. https://doi.org/10.4314/actat.v34i2.11.
  27. Zizioulas, J. (2006). Being as communion: Studies in personhood and the church. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press.